#steelFacts
Sources
Notes:
- The facts are sourced from the World Steel Association (worldsteel) when the source is not listed below. Either the fact is derived from our data, or it is an estimate calculated from several sources.
- The majority of photos are downloaded from the worldsteel image library or stock images. If other, the credits are listed below.
- The page numbers refer to the page numbers in the publication.
Page 10 (fact 2 on page): Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 and John Emsley, The Elements, 3rd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
Pages 12 – 13: The Steel Story publication, World Steel Association, 2024
Page 21: Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel
Pages 22 – 23: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel) and worldsteel LCA data
Pages 24 – 25 – 27: World Steel in Figures 2024
Page 26: Photo credit: Musée des Confluences, Lyon, France, COOP
HIMMELB(L)AU Wolf D. Prix & Partner ; Photography © Sergio Pirrone
Page 18 – 41: worldsteel safety and health publications and data collection reports
Page 31: Photo credit: SSAB
Page 32: Photo credit: Liberty Steel
Page 33: Photo credit: POSCO
Page 35: Photo credit: Ternium (photo 1) and Emirates Steel (photo 2)
Page 36: Photo credit: ArcelorMittal (photo 1)
Page 37: Photo credit: Liberty Steel
Page 38: Photo credit: Harsco
Page 39: Photo credit: AZA (photo 1) – EZZ Steel (photo 2)
Page 40:Photo credit: Outokumpu
Page 44: Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel
Page 45: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel publication)
Page 46: worldsteel calculation based on https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/net-zero-targets
Page 46: Photo credit: thyssenkrupp
Page 47: Photo credit: Lanzatech
Page 67: Steel – the permanent material in the circular economy (worldsteel publication)
Pages 68 – 69: Photo credit: Renewable Parts
Page 69: Steel – the permanent material in the circular economy (worldsteel publication)
Page 75: Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel
Page 78: Sustainable Steelmaking, Boston Consulting Group, 2009, p 14
Page 79: Energy use in the steel industry 2014 report, worldsteel
Page 80 – 81: Water management in the steel industry report, worldsteel 2011
Page 83 (fact 2): thyssenkrupp
Pages 84 – 85: LCA eco-profiles 2022, worldsteel
Pages 88 – 91: The role of steel manufacturing in the global economy, Oxford Economics report, 2019
Page 94 (fact 1): Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel
Pages 94 (fact 2) – 97: steeluniversity.org
Page 96: Photo credit: Liberty Steel
Page 98: Photo credit: Tata Steel
Page 101: Photo credit: Tenaris
Page 104: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel publication)
Page 107: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel publication)
Page 108: https://www.history.com/topics/brooklyn-bridge
Page 109: Photo credit: TonyTheTiger
Page 110: ArcelorMittal calculation
Page 111: Allwood J.M., Cullen, UIT Cambridge, 2012
Page 112: Photo credit: Framecad
Page 114 (fact 1): Ford Model T: The Car That Put the World on Wheels, by Lindsay Brooke, 2008 – Photo credit: Mitch Taylor, Wikipedia
Page 114 – 117: WorldAutoSteel (worldautosteel.org)
Page 116: Photo credit: Toyota
Page 117: Photo credit: WorldAutoSteel
Pages 121 (2nd fact) – 124: worldstainless (worldstainless.org)
Page 125: Photo credit: Black + Blum (black-blum.com)
Page 127 (1st fact): Tenaris
Page 128: https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/sustainability/environment/201802_Material%20Use%20brochure.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
Please contact steel@worldsteel.org with any questions.