#steelFacts

Sources

Notes:

  • The facts are sourced from the World Steel Association (worldsteel) when the source is not listed below. Either the fact is derived from our data, or it is an estimate calculated from several sources.
  • The majority of photos are downloaded from the worldsteel image library or stock images. If other, the credits are listed below.
  • The page numbers refer to the page numbers in the publication.

Page 10 (fact 2 on page): Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements.  Oxford:  Oxford University Press, 2001 and John Emsley, The Elements, 3rd edition.  Oxford:  Clarendon Press, 1998.

Pages 12 – 13:  The Steel Story publication, World Steel Association, 2024

Page 21: Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel

Pages 22 – 23: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel) and worldsteel LCA data

Pages 24 – 25 – 27: World Steel in Figures 2024

Page 26: Photo credit: Musée des Confluences, Lyon, France, COOP
HIMMELB(L)AU Wolf D. Prix & Partner ; Photography © Sergio Pirrone

Page 18 – 41: worldsteel safety and health publications and data collection reports

Page 31: Photo credit: SSAB

Page 32: Photo credit: Liberty Steel

Page 33: Photo credit: POSCO 

Page 35: Photo credit: Ternium (photo 1)  and Emirates Steel (photo 2)

Page 36: Photo credit: ArcelorMittal (photo 1)

Page 37: Photo credit: Liberty Steel

Page 38: Photo credit: Harsco

Page 39: Photo credit: AZA (photo 1) – EZZ Steel (photo 2)

Page 40:Photo credit: Outokumpu 

Page 44: Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel

Page 45: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel publication)

Page 46: worldsteel calculation based on https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/net-zero-targets 

Page 46: Photo credit: thyssenkrupp 

Page 47: Photo credit: Lanzatech 

Page 67: Steel – the permanent material in the circular economy (worldsteel publication)

Pages 68 – 69: Photo credit: Renewable Parts

Page 69: Steel – the permanent material in the circular economy (worldsteel publication)

Page 75: Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel

Page 78: Sustainable Steelmaking, Boston Consulting Group, 2009, p 14

Page 79: Energy use in the steel industry 2014 report, worldsteel 

Page 80 – 81: Water management in the steel industry report, worldsteel 2011

Page 83 (fact 2): thyssenkrupp

Pages 84 – 85: LCA eco-profiles 2022, worldsteel

Pages 88 – 91: The role of steel manufacturing in the global economy, Oxford Economics report, 2019

Page 94 (fact 1): Sustainability Indicators report 2023, worldsteel

Pages 94 (fact 2) – 97: steeluniversity.org

Page 96: Photo credit: Liberty Steel

Page 98: Photo credit: Tata Steel

Page 101: Photo credit: Tenaris

Page 104: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel publication)

Page 107: World Steel in Figures 2024 (worldsteel publication)

Page 108: https://www.history.com/topics/brooklyn-bridge

Page 109: Photo credit: TonyTheTiger

Page 110: ArcelorMittal calculation

Page 111: Allwood J.M., Cullen, UIT Cambridge, 2012

Page 112: Photo credit: Framecad

Page 114 (fact 1): Ford Model T: The Car That Put the World on Wheels, by Lindsay Brooke, 2008 – Photo credit: Mitch Taylor, Wikipedia

Page 114 – 117: WorldAutoSteel (worldautosteel.org) 

Page 116: Photo credit: Toyota

Page 117: Photo credit: WorldAutoSteel

Pages 121 (2nd fact) – 124: worldstainless (worldstainless.org)

Page 125: Photo credit: Black + Blum (black-blum.com)

Page 127 (1st fact): Tenaris

Page 128: https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/sustainability/environment/201802_Material%20Use%20brochure.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf

Please contact steel@worldsteel.org with any questions.