By-products fall into three main categories: ironmaking slag, steelmaking slag, and dust and sludge.
This report outlines the economic and environmental issues surrounding steel industry by-products. It also examines the benefit by-products can create for other industries, such as cement and road-building.
The report finds that for the best-performing companies, by-products are an integral part of their business.
(Note: worldsteel now uses the term co-products to describe materials that are produced in parallel to or, as a consequence of, the production of a primary product and which have a potential value.)